5G accelerates track construction
Most people know from their own experience that construction is no simple matter. We have all heard of people who take on one construction project, but decide never to repeat the endeavour. Opinions about construction workers are formed quickly, and often unfairly.
There are additional challenges when it comes to constructing railway infrastructure: extremely short time frames, night shifts, dangerous and hard physical work. In tunnels, for example, you can’t simply double the number of machines or workers; it requires meticulous planning. Digitisation could help in many cases. In the future, digital images of construction sites – digital twins – will be created, simulated and optimised before the excavators drive up with gravel and ballast and implement the model 1:1.
Combining technology with construction site reality
If digitisation projects fail, it is much more likely a result of focus or culture rather than lack of know-how. The Swiss family-owned company Rhomberg Sersa Rail Group has successfully been able to combine technology with the physical aspects of the construction site. Here, large machines, gravel, ballast and steel come together with 5G, the Internet of Things, the cloud and data-driven business. For Rhomberg Sersa, the 5G network is also key to its to future plans.
As Hubert Rhomberg, co-owner of Rhomberg Sersa, explains: “We need innovations to increase our sustainability and efficiency. The construction industry creates lots of emissions, and it is organised in a highly patchwork fashion.” Another driver for digitisation is the shortage of skilled workers demographically: “Working in construction is not sexy. We have to make the work more attractive so that we can continue to find the best personnel in the future. These days, we hire foremen alongside programmers or game developers and they work hand in hand.”
How does innovation work?
Hubert Rhomberg explains: “We need to be consistent in the way we share knowledge. Communication is key across all units and levels.” Technology is secondary: it’s about people and cooperation. If a foreman on a construction site wants a particular app because he saw a colleague use it, you have achieved your goal. You have to win people over.
When Rhomberg Sersa is on a construction site, usually at night, working to very tight deadlines, an increasing number of digital tools are supporting its construction workers. The first steps to a digital construction site, such as artificial intelligence, have been implemented in advance. It recognises the types of construction machines in pictures. Christian Schollenberger, Head of IT at Rhomberg Sersa, explains: “We gave Swisscom’s data scientists 40 hours to develop the data model. We can recognise devices and machines in photos. The model now has 95 per cent accuracy.” This information flows into planning and logistics.
Hubert Rhomberg has a practical view of innovation: “Innovation is not witchcraft; it’s a systematic approach. Collect ideas, evaluate them, park them, discard them or move on. Out of ten ideas, only two will make it further.” But not at any cost: “You have to create a precise framework and stop if you don’t reach the intended goal. You discard these ideas or accept the timing is not right,” adds Hubert Rhomberg.
Microscope on rails
Another step is the prototype of a track survey trolley on which a cloud, mobile network connection and much more is installed. Christian Schollenberger said: “The cameras on the survey trolley measure the railway track while it is moving with an accuracy of tenths of a millimetre. This allows you to see where maintenance work is needed and to reduce breakdowns on the world’s busiest rail network.” The survey trolley even detects loosened nuts when travelling at 60 km/h over the track.
Rhomberg Sersa and Swisscom are currently working on a total of five sub-projects, which include 5G, the Internet of Things, cloud and data-driven business, which they are testing in the tough track construction environment. According to Julian Dömer, Head of IoT at Swisscom: “We are testing the technologies in the tough environment and proving they work. The systematic innovation at Rhomberg Sersa serves as a model for the entire industry. They are combining technical innovation with economic benefit.”
More on innovation, technology and track construction in the roundtable discussion from IoT Day, 6 May 2021, including Hubert Rhomberg, co-owner of Rhomberg Sersa Rail Group :
Technologies used and their function
Data encompasses every conceivable type of information. But not all information is of equal value, which is why it has to be analysed and processed. This information provides an overall picture of the construction site. The more detailed the picture, the better the construction project can be planned.
- Data collection: the Internet of Things collects data on the construction site. Practically everything on a construction site generates data: machines, tools, measuring devices and employee devices. The more data collected, the larger the silo of data that can be utilised.
- Transporting data: transmission takes place over 5G because the data from the construction site must be brought together centrally.
- Data pre-processing on site: because an enormous amount of data is generated on the construction site, it is pre-processed on site in an Edge Cloud before it is transmitted. Image recognition of video data takes place at this early stage, for example.
- Data utilisation: all of the pre-processed data comes together in the actual cloud. However, significant value can only be obtained from the data through the incorporation of further sources, the analysis of longer periods of time and the integration of further sources, such as other parties involved in the construction. The task now is to recognise patterns from this data and to use data analytics to gain insights that make construction sites simpler, more sustainable or safer. This data can then be refined using algorithms and artificial intelligence, as required.
The specific project of Rhomberg Sersa and Swisscom
In their joint project, Rhomberg Sersa and Swisscom are developing and testing sub-projects for digital construction sites:
- Local 5G networks on construction sites that connect all devices and machines that generate data. This application is particularly important internationally, where mobile phone coverage is lower than in Switzerland and temporary local networks could step into the breach.
- Local cloud on a railway wagon, which pre-processes the large amounts of data using artificial intelligence and machine learning on the construction site. This involves applications for personal safety (e.g. using image recognition in dangerous situations), construction progress and measurements.
- Edge IoT: How can Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning models be used directly on the IoT devices instead of a cloud?
- Tracking and localisation of machines and things on different construction sites in different countries. This is vital because maintenance windows are extremely short and therefore construction sites need to be perfectly planned.
- Machine monitoring: using all machine data to proactively avoid failures, bill directly or issue alerts.
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